2017年考研英语冲刺模拟题（一）
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
Directions:
In each question, decide which of the four choices will most suitably fill the sentence. (50)
1. He is a very honest official and never _____ any gifts from the people who sought his help.
A. accepted B. received C. took up D. excepted
2. He was not _____to the club because he wasn't a member.
A. allowedB. admitted C. permitted D. approved
3. As is generally believed, young people nowadays_____ ideals which are far superior to their parents'.
A. summon B. overtake C. cherish' D. overhaul
4. It is strictly regulated that motorists _____of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.
A. convictedB. chargedC. complained D. deprived
5. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.
A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible
6. Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?
A: in relation toB. in excess of C. in contrast to D. in favor of
7. We are interested in the weather because it _____us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefitsB. guides C. affects D. effects
8. They consider it questionable that these defense-linked research project will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, _____, do much to protect our diminishing resources.
A. incidentallyB. actually C. alternatively D. accordingly
9. We should make a clear _____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A. separationB. deviation C. distinction D. discrimination
1. A university is an educational institution which _____ degrees and carries out research.
A. rewardsB. awards C. grants D. presents
2. It is stated in the newspaper that the terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to _____ when it arrived in New York.
A. go off B. come off C. get off D. carry off
3. Jim's plans to go to college_____ at the last moment, which depressed him very much.
A. fell out B. gave away C. gave off D. fell through
4. The Department is also deeply _____ in various improvement schemes.
A. connectedB. included C. involved D. implied
5. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves_____ know where to look.
A. virtually B. variously C. unavoidably D. invariably
6. The boy had a _____escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.
A. closeB. short C. narrow D. fine
7. Do you mind if I _____ with my work while you are getting tea ready?
A. get throughB. turn to C. carry on D. come on
8. Women's central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been_____
A. emphasized B. acknowledgedC. memorized D. associated
9. The finance minister has not been so _____since he raised taxes to such a high level.
A. popular B. well-known C. favorable D. preferable
10. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situationB. position C. employment D. profession
11. Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the _____, and the proposed routes boozed the compass.
A. outcomeB. outset C. outlet D. output
12. Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plants and animals would require a continent as broad as an avenue and available for ages _____
A. at a stretchB. in no time C. at the mostD. for the present
13. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. ballsB. charges C. pricesD. costs
14. The workmen made so much ____at Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.
A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance
15. They have held several meetings to _____next year's production plans.
A. set downB. make outC. work up D. draw up
16. How can we get this language point _____to the students?
A. down B. roundC. acrossD. into
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Reading the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (30 points)
Text 1
The social scientists, especially the economists, are moving deeply into ecology and the environment these days, with disquieting results. It goes somehow against the grain to learn that cost-benefit analyses can be done neatly on lakes, meadows, nesting gannets, even whole oceans. It is hard enough to confront the environmental options ahead, and the hard choices, but even harder when the price tags are so visible. Even the new jargon is disturbing: it hurts the spirit, somehow, to read the word environments, when the plural means that there are so many alternatives there to be sorted through, as in a market, and voted on. Economists need cool heads and cold hearts for this sort of work, and they must write in icy, often skiddy prose.
The degree to which we are all involved in the control of the earth's life is just beginning to dawn on most of us, and it means another revolution for human thought.
This will not come easily. We've just made our way through inconclusive revolutions on the same topic, trying to make up our minds how we feel about nature. As soon as we arrive at one kind of consensus, like an enormous committee, we found it was time to think it through all over, and now here we are, at it again.
The oldest, easiest-to-swallow idea was that the earth was man's personal property, a combination of garden, zoo, bank vault, and energy source, placed at our disposal to be consumed, ornamented, or pulled apart as we wished. The betterment of mankind was, as we understood it, the whole point of the thing. Mastery over nature, mystery and all, was a moral duty and social obligation.
In the last few years we were wrenched away from this way of looking at it, and arrived at something like general agreement that we had it wrong. We still argue the details, but it is conceded almost everywhere that we are not the masters of nature that we thought ourselves; we are as dependent on the rest of life as are the leaves or midges or fish. We are part of the system. One way to put it is that the earth is a loosely formed, spherical organism, with all its working parts linked in symbiosis. We are, in this view, neither owners nor operators; at best, we might see ourselves as motile tissue specialized for receiving information-perhaps, in the best of all possible worlds, functioning as a nervous system for the whole being.
There is, for some, too much dependency in this view, and they prefer to see us as a separate, qualitatively different, special species, unlike any other form of like, despite the sharing around of genes, enzymes, and organelles. No matter, there is still the underlying idea that we cannot have a life of our own without concern for the ecosystem in which we live, whether in majesty or not. This idea has been strong enough to launch the new movements for the sustenance of wilderness, the protection of wildlife, the turning off of insatiable technologies, the preservation of "whole earth."
26. What are the disquieting results that economists get through their research on the environment?
[A] That they should write their report in icy and skiddy prose.
[B] That they can choose from many environmental options.
[C] That the word environment can be used in its plural form.
[D] That cost-benefit analyses can be applied to the whole oceans.
27. Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to the test?
[A] Men are operators, if not masters, of the ecosystem.
[B] It is universally agreed that man is a special species in nature, different from all the other organism.
[C] That man can't survive without concern for other life forms has been realized by most of us.
[D] To master nature is a social obligation for us.
28. What made people think that they should have mastery over nature?
[A] Humans regarded themselves the most advanced of all life forms on earth.
[B] Humans wanted to satisfy their desire to be in control.
[C] Humans had to have mastery over nature in order to survive.
[D] Humans regarded nature their personal property.
29. Though people have different views as to how man fits in nature, humans
[A] function as a nervous system for all life forms.
[B] are an integral part of the ecosystem.
[C] are an isolated item in the ecosystem.
[D] should adapt themselves to the changing environment.
30. In this text, the author mainly discusses
[A] the relationship between economy and ecology.
[B] a great leap forward in human understanding.
[C] man's place in nature.
[D] environmental pollution.
Text 2
Timothy Berners-Lee might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealth—intentionally—in 1990. That’s when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the most important software innovation in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not a mass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all.
Berners-Lee regards today’s Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his original expectations. By 2005, he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Web—a smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans.
As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and concepts but also the logical relationships among them. That has awesome potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantics and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally adroit at dealing with language and reason won’t just help people uncover new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own.
Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents, or software messengers, to explore Web sites by the thousands and logically sift out just what’s relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But there’s far more.
Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including today’s Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issues—like the environment and climate warming.
31. Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have _____.
[A]created the most important innovation in the 1990s
[B]accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates
[C]patented the technology of Microsoft software
[D]given his brainchild to us all
32. The Semantic Web will be superior to today’s web in that it _____.
[A]surpasses people in processing numbers
[B]fulfills user’s original expectations
[C]deals with language and reason as well as number
[D]responds like a rebellious adult
33. To search for any information needed on tomorrow’s Web, one only has to _____.
[A]wade through screen after screen of extraneous data
[B]ask the Web to dispatch some messenger to his door
[C]use smart software programs called “agents”
[D]explore Web sites by the thousands and pick out what’s relevant
34. Thanks to the Web of the future, _____.
[A]millions of web pages can be translated overnight
[B]one can find most inventions and breakthroughs online
[C]software manufacturers can lower the cost of computer parts
[D]scientists using different specialty terms can collaborate much better
35. The most appropriate title for this text is.
[A]Differences between Two Webs
[B]The Humanization of Computer Software
[C]A New Solution to World Problems
[D]The Creator and His Next Creation
Text 3
When Rupert Murdoch sees beams of light in the American advertising market, it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses. Last October, when the impact of September llth was only beginning to tell, the boss of NewsCorp, a media group, had already identified "strong rays of sunshine". With ad sales still languishing, Mr Murdoch declared last month that "there are some hints of a modest upswing in the US advertising markesl" His early optimism turned out to be misplaced. Now, however, other industry observers are beginning to agree with him.
Advertising usually exaggerates the economic cycle, falling sharply and early in a downturn, and rebounding strongly once the economy has begun to recover. This is because most managers prefer to trim their ad budgets rather than their payrolls, and restoresuch spending only once they feel sure that things are looking up. Last year, America's ad market shrank by 9.8%, according to CMR, a research firm. Although ad spending has not yet recovered across all media, some analysts now expect overall ad spending to start to grow in the third quarter.
The signs of improvement are patchy, however. Ad spending on radio and television seems to be inching up-advertising on American national radio was up 2 % in January on the same period last year, according to Aegis-while spending on magazines and newspapers is still weak. Even within any one market, there are huge differences; just pick up a copy of one of the now-slimline high-tech magazines that once bulged with ads, and compare it with the hefty celebrity or women's titles. Advertisers in some categories, such as the travel industry, are still reluctant to buy space or airtime, while others, such as the car and movie businesses, have been bolder. The winter Olympics, held last month in Salt Lake City, has also distorted the spending on broadcast advertising in the first quarter.
Nonetheless, there is an underlying pattern. One measure is the booking of ad spots for national brands on local television. By early March, according to Mr Westerfield's analysis, such bookings were growing fast across eight out of the top ten advertising sectors, led by the financial and motor industries. UBS Warburg now expects the "upfront' market, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots on the TV networks for the new season in September, to be up 4% on last year. On some estimates, even online advertising could pick up by the end of the year.
36. What does the author mean by "it is not necessarily time to reach for the sun glasses" (Para. 1)?
[A] The sunshine is not terribly strong,
[B] It is not good time to develop advertising.
[C] There is no need to worry about economy now.
[D] The real economic recovery has yet to take place.
37. Mr. Murdoch's early market estimation was _______.
[A] exaggerating the situation
[B] being too cautious
C] underestimating the development
[D] probably describing the reality
38. Which of the following is true :according to the text?
[A] Advertising is a sensitive marker of economic change.
B] Managers will first cut salary during economic downturn.
[C] CMR was wrong about last year's U.S. ad market.
[D] Advertising spending has started overal growing.
39. Signs of improvement are visible in the advertising of _______.
[A] high-tech magazines and sports industry
[B] celebrity magazines and travel industry
[C] women's magazines and car industry
[D] movie industry and high-tech magazines
40. What is the author's view of the prospect of U.S. advertising market?
[A] Recovery will be slow but sure,
[B] There will be a big jump.
[C] Patchy improvement will occur.
[D] The situation will remain pessimistic.
SectionⅢ Translation
Directions: Read the following sentences carefully and then translate them into
Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
41. When an oppressed group revolts against a society, one must look for the underlying forces that led to the group’s alienation from that society.
42. As the creation of new knowledge through science has become institutionalized, resistance to innovation has become less aggressive taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack.
43. Although there are weeks of negotiations ahead, and perhaps setbacks and new surprises, leaders of both parties are optimistic that their differences can be resolved.
44. Every new theory not only must accommodate the valid predictions of the old theory, but must also explain why those predictions succeeded within the range of that old theory.
45. Perhaps predictably, since an ability to communicate effectively is an important trait of any great leader, it has been the exceptional Presidents who have delivered the most notable inaugural addresses.
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